Pernicious Anaemia and B12 Deficiency
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چکیده
Gastric causes: gastrectomy, gastric resection, atrophic gastritis, H. pylori infection or congenital IF deficiency or abnormality. Inadequate dietary intake of vitamin B12 eg, a vegan diet. Intestinal causes eg, malabsorption, ileal resection, Crohn's disease affecting the ileum, chronic tropical sprue, HIV and any radiotherapy causing irradiation of the ileum. Drugs eg, colchicine, neomycin, metformin, anticonvulsants. Long-term use of drugs that affect gastric acid production (eg, H2-receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors) can worsen deficiency because gastric acid is needed to release vitamin B12 bound to proteins in food.
منابع مشابه
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